The project Bridge is co-funded by the European Union. Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the Servicio Espanol para la Internacionalizacion de la Educacion (SEPIE). Neither the European Union nor the National Agency SEPIE can be held responsible for them. -- Number: 2025-1-ES01-KA220-HED-000359236 --

LEVEL 1. REAL UP: Combating Online Hate Speech

BRIDGE Main Challenge: A.5. Discrimination, racism and sociocultural polarisation, including hate speech


What problem does it address?

The growing spread of online hate speech motivated by racism, xenophobia, Islamophobia, antisemitism and anti-Roma racism has created a social climate that undermines social cohesion and weakens the sense of belonging among vulnerable groups.

What does it propose?

REAL UP combines social research and technological innovation to improve the identification and analysis of online hate speech and the institutional response to it. It develops studies and tools based on artificial intelligence and natural language processing, as well as counter-narrative strategies addressing racism, xenophobia, Islamophobia, antisemitism and anti-Roma racism.

Why is it an inspiring practice?
  • Combines research, training and technological innovation.
  • Carries out innovative studies to identify online hate speech, incorporating the use of artificial intelligence.
  • Produces open educational resources.
  • Offers considerable potential for transfer to other countries and contexts.
Resources you'll find
  • Studies and IT tools for detecting and analysing online hate speech.
  • Studies and counter-narrative strategies based on natural language processing (NLP).
  • CONAN-SP and CONAN-MT-SP digital corpora.
  • Upstander discourse guide and map of good practices.
  • REAL UP research and transferability reports.
  • Project audiovisual resources and training materials.
Featured results
7
Innovation studies developed by REAL UP: five on IT tools for identifying online hate speech and two on counter-narrative strategies.
238
Discourse–counter-narrative pairs included in the CONAN-SP corpus for the analysis of hate speech and responses in Spanish.
3,635
Instances included in the CONAN-MT-SP corpus of hate speech and counter-narratives in Spanish.
99.6%
Responses generated using GPT-4 classified as non-offensive in the technical evaluation of the counter-narratives analysed.
79.5%
Responses generated using GPT-4 considered specific and informative in the technical evaluation described in the extended template.
What can visitors learn?
How to research and develop technological tools using innovative approaches.
How to use research to address real-world social problems.
How to develop innovative technological tools to detect and combat online hate speech.
How to strengthen institutional capacity to prevent and combat online hate speech.
How to establish synergies between public administrations, universities and the third sector.

LEVEL 2. EXPLORE BEST PRACTICE

Introduction

REAL UP is a project that promotes the creation of innovative resources for identifying online hate speech and the development of counter-narrative strategies to combat it. Through the design of innovative technological tools, studies on artificial intelligence, support materials and training activities, the project provides resources to strengthen the detection, analysis and institutional response to hate speech in digital environments.

  • Coordinating organisation: OBERAXE – Spanish Observatory on Racism and Xenophobia
  • Participating countries: Spain (ES)
  • Duration: December 2021 - June 2024
  • BRIDGE Main Challenge: A.5. Discrimination, racism and sociocultural polarisation, including hate speech
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
  • SDG 4: Quality Education
  • SDG 10: Reduced Inequalities
  • SDG 16: Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions
Secondary Challenges
  • A.2. Gap between regulatory frameworks, institutional discourses and actual inclusion practices
  • A.7. Digital ecosystem, disinformation and the need for media literacy and critical thinking

The Challenge

What social issue does it address?

There is a growing proliferation of hate speech in digital environments, motivated by racism, xenophobia, Islamophobia, antisemitism and anti-Roma racism. A correlation can also be observed between the dissemination of certain narratives and their social acceptance as true, contributing to a climate that undermines social cohesion and weakens the sense of belonging among vulnerable groups.

Why is it important?

Digital hate speech not only violates people’s dignity but also reinforces structures of inequality and historical prejudices that limit the equal democratic participation of migrant, Muslim, Roma and Jewish communities. It is therefore essential to equip institutions with technical tools and strategies to counter polarisation and protect democratic cohesion in new spaces for civic interaction.

How does it contribute to the BRIDGE Challenge?

REAL UP contributes to Challenge A.5 through research and the development of tools to detect and analyse hate speech in digital environments, alongside counter-narrative strategies. Its resources offer opportunities for institutional application and pedagogical transfer to address discrimination and online polarisation critically.

How does it work?

REAL UP combines applied social research and technological innovation. Based on an assessment of disinformation and online hate speech, it develops innovative studies on IT tools and counter-narrative strategies, as well as training materials designed to strengthen institutional and societal capacity to address this phenomenon.

What might inspire you?
Ideas for adaptation
  1. Design research on technological tools using innovative approaches.
  2. Use research to bring about social change in response to real-world problems.
  3. Use innovative technological tools to detect and combat online hate speech.
  4. Develop open educational resources.
  5. Incorporate the detection of online hate speech into university teaching.
  6. Design strategies to combat online hate speech.
  7. Strengthen networks between public administrations, universities and the third sector.
Resources created

Studies and IT tools for detecting and analysing online hate speech

Digital publication

A set of five studies on IT tools for identifying and analysing online hate speech. They document a monitoring tool, its user manual, social tagging systems, HaterCrawl for web crawling and the development of a detection algorithm. The studies do not imply that each tool is available as a separate public application.

Researchers, Professionals, Policy Makers

https://real-up.eu/

Studies and counter-narrative strategies based on natural language processing (NLP)

Digital publication

Two studies on counter-narrative strategies: one examines the profiles of those who produce and receive hate speech in order to tailor responses; the other examines tools for generating counter-narratives through natural language processing (NLP). They provide a technical and methodological basis for producing contextualised, non-offensive responses.

Teaching staff, Researchers, Professionals, Policy Makers

https://real-up.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/OB13_Report-on-tools-and-strategies-for-generating-NLP_final-y-accesible.pdf

CONAN-SP and CONAN-MT-SP digital corpora

Educational resource

Digital research corpora on hate speech and counter-narratives in Spanish. CONAN-SP contains 238 discourse–response pairs and CONAN-MT-SP comprises 3,635 instances. These datasets can be used to analyse and evaluate automated responses, subject to their specific access and reuse conditions.

Teaching staff, Students, Researchers, Professionals

https://real-up.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/OB13_Report-on-tools-and-strategies-for-generating-NLP_final-y-accesible.pdf

Upstander discourse guide and map of good practices.

Educational resource

A guide to upstander discourse and a map of good practices bringing together guidance and examples for responding critically to hate speech through counter-narratives. They provide support materials for awareness-raising, training and the design of institutional and socio-educational responses.

Teaching staff, Students, Researchers, Professionals, Policy Makers, General Public

https://www.inclusion.gob.es/eu/web/oberaxe/w/proyecto-real-up

REAL UP research and transferability reports

Digital publication

Project documentation analysing hate speech, counter-narrative strategies and the transferability of REAL UP results to other institutional and European contexts. This resource includes reports produced within the project and excludes external sources used to support the initial diagnosis.

Teaching staff, Researchers, Professionals, Policy Makers

https://real-up.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Informe_transferabilidad_EN_ES_FINAL.pdf

Project audiovisual resources and training materials

Educational resource

Recordings of seminars and conferences, technical presentations and short informative audiovisual pieces associated with the project. They address the detection of hate speech using artificial intelligence and upstander response strategies and can be reused in training and awareness-raising activities.

Teaching staff, Students, Researchers, Professionals, Policy Makers, General Public

https://real-up.eu/